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Our research

Explore our research on conflicts of interest in healthcare, uncovering the impacts on patient care, costs and health systems.

Ethical practices and conflicts of interest in healthcare

Despite considering ILP as an unethical practice, physicians often justify it, as a way to overcome financial constraints. This JPMA supplement brings together research and commentary on unethical practices in Pakistan's healthcare sector and why it's more than important to address it. 

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Doctors taking bribes from pharmaceutical companies is common and not substantially reduced by an educational intervention: a pragmatic randomised controlled trial in Pakistan
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A sketch of a medical prescription

Incentivisation practices and their influence on physicians’ prescriptions: A qualitative analysis of practice and policy in Pakistan

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Impact of a multifaceted intervention on physicians’ knowledge, attitudes and practices in relation to pharmaceutical incentivisation

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A sketch of a medical doctor at his clinic in Pakistan
A sketch of a patient waiting at a hospital in Pakistan

Socioecological factors linked with pharmaceutical incentive-driven prescribing in Pakistan
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The healthcare field as a marketplace: general practitioners, pharmaceutical companies, and profit-led prescribing in Pakistan

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A sketch depicting the business of healthcare in Pakistan
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